I realized that later as well, but the reasoning is incorrect, because passing the Turing test of a conscious being guarantees the presence of the pattern-which-is-consciousness. It would be incoherent to try to define a conscious being that would have no way of communicating with the external world, because in that case—if we had no way to read off its conscious states from the physical structure of the system—it would become meaningless to say that the system is conscious. Even for a physical system that lacks any motor functions or communication channels, we can still read off the computation happening inside to see what its conscious states are, to phrase it in a condensed way.
So a Turing test goes beyond the ability to manipulate language—it is, when unbounded (i.e. not capped by 5 or 10 minutes), the only test of consciousness there could be.
What would qualify would be the minimal state machine that implements the behavior of the conscious being. Its presence is guaranteed by passing the unbounded Turing test.
The Chinese room passes the Turing test, therefore it’s conscious.
In its broader definition, as originally conceived, it’s a test of acting like a conscious (or thinking) being. Acting like a human passes the test, but not acting like a human doesn’t fail the test Alan Turing originally had in mind (acting like a human is a sufficient condition for thinking, not a necessary one).
Yes. To pass the proper Turing test, it’s sufficient to act like a conscious being. There is no need to duplicate the specific psychological baggage that evolution gave to our species (and definitely no need to act like Homo sapiens whose mothertongue is some particular language).
I don’t think the Lovelace test tells us anything interesting—current models would probably pass it, because, given their limited interpretability, we’d have a hard time explaining their artistic output (unless we give ourselves unbounded time, in which case no physical system passes).