Plan A is the optimal governance structure which is supposed to maximize the probability that the ASI’s creation results in an excellent future. As far as I am aware, it was first named[1] Plan A in Greenblatt’s post Plans A, B, C, and D for misalignment risk.
The AI Futures’ version of Plan A is an international deal ruling out any AGI projects unaudited by the Consortium by carefully tracing all or almost all compute in the world. The AI projects audited by the Consortium have research, training runs and safety cases thoroughly studied by outsiders while ensuring that many more people can study frontier models to assess their alignment properties and use them for developing novel techniques.
Additionally, Plan A tries its best to resolve the issues related to misuse, concentration of power, risk of WWIII, disempowerment induced by job loss.
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However, attempts to sketch the optimal plan have been made far earlier, see, e.g. Yudkowsky’s Six Dimensions of Operational Adequacy in AGI Projects, which, however, assume that creating the AGI will become easy and aligning it is extraordinarily difficult.