In general culture changes when there a need for the change.
That’s not at all clear, i.e., there isn’t a general optimization process that optimizes culture for what’s needed. There’s memetic evolution, but that has the usual problems. In particular states and even entire civilizations have collapsed in the past.
In a case like using genetic engineering to produce superior humans there are pressures. If you have a few people doing it and they get benefits there cultural pressure for other people to also want the benefits.
That’s not at all clear, i.e., there isn’t a general optimization process that optimizes culture for what’s needed. There’s memetic evolution, but that has the usual problems. In particular states and even entire civilizations have collapsed in the past.
That depends on the particular cultural change.
In a case like using genetic engineering to produce superior humans there are pressures. If you have a few people doing it and they get benefits there cultural pressure for other people to also want the benefits.