I gave gpt-image-v2 the task (just to see how good current image generation is at minimalistic art/icons[1]), and it made these:
gpt-image-v2 image generations of LessWrong reacts for ‘Big, if/iff true’
I don’t really like any of them, the first one is overly generic, the second one is not passable (too complex, doesn’t even show a biconditional), and the last one looks like AI slop (because it is).
- ^
which is the type I mostly do w.r.t. software development; I am moderately good at it for that reason, and probably could make a LW-like reaction icon for this decently quickly (if I had a good idea, which I don’t)
Taking this literally, trees being made out of air implies a lot of useful facts about the world:
There’s carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Trees (and therefore most Earth-like macroscale herbivores, and therefore basically most macroscale Earth-like life) probably require atmospheres, with at least moderate concentrations of CO2
So there is no life on the Moon, Mercury, and the gas giants (nor most of the moons of any of the gas giants, at least of terrestrial nature). There is probably also no life on Mars (atmosphere too thin), or (with some data about the extremely high atmospheric pressure on its surface) Venus, at least right now.
Since plants are the lowest part of the food chain, this also implies most macroscale animals are made out of carbon
Since trees do not appear to be made out of mostly oxygen (especially once you determine the chemical formula for cellulose), you can also gather that trees eject some amount of oxygen from CO2 back into the atmosphere (else you would be violating conservation of mass)...
which implies plants (or at least trees, though it would be easy to figure out that other plants are also made out of mostly cellulose) produce lots of, or maybe even most oxygen on Earth
This also implies that there was a time, before trees or photosynthesis, where Earth’s atmosphere wasn’t oxygenated, and was mostly CO2, potentially from volcanism
If your civilization is mostly powered on the combustion of dead plant-matter (whereas such combustion is responsible for most economic activity), and if you have knowledge that CO2 traps heat, you can conclude that it is likely that the planet will heat up, conditional on civilization’s continued progression
What if we plant many trees, in order to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere? What if we build a better tree, since natural selection definitely didn’t select for maximal CO2 usage—it selected for IGF, and intentionally inefficiently using CO2 would go against IGF, and obviously all easy ways for trees to efficiently use CO2 would have already been selected for via IGF, because trees are made out of air (does similar also apply to human intelligence, as well?)
Nature can construct mesoscale artifacts of the volume and mass of redwood trees and blue whales, and have said artifacts[1] cover most of the planet; with only naive collection of CO2 on the former case; or, in the latter case, indirect naive collection of CO2, coupled with rudimentary intellect
Yet humans can’t (or at least not yet). In addition, the mechanisms used to produce wood seem unintelligently designed (along with many other such biological mechanisms). Why?
If it is possible for our intellect to be ‘designed’ by such a dumb (and simulatable!) process as natural selection, could it be possible to design a thinking machine, potentially by simulating a highly compute intensive process selecting and rewarding the best ‘programs’ internally (though such programs need to be fundamentally continuous, else the reward function would be too sparse) via increasingly massive clusters of number-crunching machines?
Obviously this will almost certainly result in an naively uninterpretable mess of heuristics; how could that be fixed?
What about overfitting to the continuous proxy, and not the true metric we care about—like morality, or not turning the world into computronium?
With sufficiently advanced technology, you could construct macroscale objects (with masses of at least 4 million pounds, and volumes of at least 80,000 cubic feet) out of entirely atmospheric carbon, and such objects can even self-replicate to cover much of the world’s surface[2]
How? How nature accomplishes this feat seems intimately connected with much of nature’s doings being done in the nanoscale. After millions (or billions) of inferential steps, you would likely arrive at something like Drexler’s molecular nanotechnology, with its associated post-scarcity (at least on the human-scale) economics, directly attributable from the fact that nanoscale systems (due to their smallness) can self-replicate on primitive feedstocks on the order of hours or minutes, not months or years
What if a misaligned thinking machine—with intelligence potentially far exceeding any human’s—builds such productive nanosystems for maligned ends?
Obviously much of this speculation of how ‘trees are made out of air’ allows you to predict that Drexlerian assemblers, constructed via a misaligned superintelligence, will convert the Earth into computronium is benefited by a lot of hindsight; if you told a 15th-century peasant that ‘trees are made out of what Plato called aer’, they would almost certainly say ‘neat fact’ and not suddenly refactor their entire epistemology to be based on that factoid, even though I think they should.
But knowing such facts with as much general utility as ‘trees are made of air’ are very useful to gain a highly sample-efficient epistemology; and you very much want sample efficiency when trying to align AI, because aligning sufficiently advanced AI is a textbook example of a problem with extremely sparse rewards (this follows naturally from the fact that the entirety of humanity may only get only one shot to align said AIs).
(okay, slightly smaller artifacts, yes I know redwood trees and blue whales are endangered; but let me have my rhetoric in peace)
(i.e trees)