This is what I was talking about, I should have been more clear. Year-average daily ground irradiance in the US seems to be about 4-5 kWh/m^2 (this includes night + weather + atmosphere effects, does not include panel efficiency) ~= 200 W/m^2. In space (assuming sun-synchronous or non-LEO, which are both more expensive than LEO) you get 1361 W/m^2. So about 7x. In the Sahara Desert it’s ~300 W/m^2 so ground-solar worst case is 4-5x.
This is what I was talking about, I should have been more clear. Year-average daily ground irradiance in the US seems to be about 4-5 kWh/m^2 (this includes night + weather + atmosphere effects, does not include panel efficiency) ~= 200 W/m^2. In space (assuming sun-synchronous or non-LEO, which are both more expensive than LEO) you get 1361 W/m^2. So about 7x. In the Sahara Desert it’s ~300 W/m^2 so ground-solar worst case is 4-5x.