This is helpful, thanks. I’m not sure I agree that for something to count as a faction, the members must be aligned with each other. I think it still counts if the members have wildly different goals but are temporarily collaborating for instrumental reasons, or even if several of the members are secretly working for the other side. For example, in WW2 there were spies on both sides, as well as many people (e.g. most ordinary soldiers) who didn’t really believe in the cause and would happily defect if they could get away with it. Yet the overall structure of the opposing forces was very similar, from the fighter aircraft designs, to the battleship designs, to the relative proportions of fighter planes and battleships, to the way they were integrated into command structure.
This is helpful, thanks. I’m not sure I agree that for something to count as a faction, the members must be aligned with each other. I think it still counts if the members have wildly different goals but are temporarily collaborating for instrumental reasons, or even if several of the members are secretly working for the other side. For example, in WW2 there were spies on both sides, as well as many people (e.g. most ordinary soldiers) who didn’t really believe in the cause and would happily defect if they could get away with it. Yet the overall structure of the opposing forces was very similar, from the fighter aircraft designs, to the battleship designs, to the relative proportions of fighter planes and battleships, to the way they were integrated into command structure.