links 1/21/2025: https://roamresearch.com/#/app/srcpublic/page/02-21-2025
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofilament_light_polypeptide a marker of axonal degeneration in Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, ALS, MS
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67052013.x study linking levels of NfL to ALS: 1996
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03777.x study linking levels of NfL to ALS severity/progression: 2012
https://www.nature.com/articles/312757a0 sequencing the HIV-1 virus -- 1984
https://www.nature.com/articles/324691a0 same group at the Pasteur Institute sequenced the HIV-2 virus in 1986
xhttps://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(96)05283-X/fulltext earliest trial (1996) I could find using viral load as an endpoint for HIV vaccines
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitosterolemia lipid metabolic disorder
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrodysplasia_ossificans_progressiva rare disease that turns muscle and tendons to bone
https://www.nature.com/articles/ng1783 gene for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/publications-and-special-projects/the-research-legacy-of-penn-medicine/orthopaedics/fop history of research on the disease
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton discovered hepatitis C
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_M._Kunkel discovered dystrophin, the protein deficient in muscular dystrophy
https://www.discoverymedicine.com/Eric-P-Hoffman/2013/11/08/orphan-drug-development-in-muscular-dystrophy-update-on-two-large-clinical-trials-of-dystrophin-rescue-therapies/ trials using dystrophin as a biomarker in trials for muscular dystrophy
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)60756-3/fulltext?keepThis=true&width=850&height=650&rss=yes&TB_iframe=true dystrophin used as a surrogate endpoint in muscular dystrophy trial
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/10425179109008433 cytomegalovirus sequenced in 2009
https://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/bart-barrell-1944-2023/ Bart Barrell
https://profiles.ucl.ac.uk/1277-stephan-beck Stephan Beck
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/62/9/1154/1745383 first study I could find (2016) using viral load as an endpoint for CMV antivirals
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2730307/ standard anthrax immunoassay, from 2002
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2003715 SOD1 used as an endpoint in a trial for ALS
https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.1243292 first description of activated PI3K-δ syndrome, 2013
https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/130/21/2307/36662/Effective-activated-PI3K-syndrome-targeted-therapy lymph node size and naive B cells as endpoints in activated PI3K-δ syndrome trial
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_PI3K_delta_syndrome
https://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJM197911223012102 IGF-1 as a biomarker for acromegaly, 1979
more on IGFs in acromegaly: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0026049594901996
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/257810 Niemann-Pick first described in 1928
https://www.fda.gov/drugs/development-resources/table-surrogate-endpoints-were-basis-drug-approval-or-licensure list of surrogate endpoints that the FDA accepted for drug approval/licensing
https://charlesyang.substack.com/p/2-years-at-doe what it’s really like at DOE
https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/2022-59-02/S0273-0979-2022-01759-4/S0273-0979-2022-01759-4.pdf this is the closest I could find to an exposition of the Bellman function method
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berl_Katznelson early Zionist; does not appear to be related to the mathematician
people often claim that the “female orgasm” is exclusive to humans, or cannot be detected in animals, but this is false
https://kinseyinstitute.org/pdf/womens%20orgasm%20annual%20review.pdf female orgasm has numerous objectively verifiable signs, from characteristic changes in breathing/heart rate to rhythmic vaginal contractions.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajp.1350010104 females of many species of primates make facial expressions and noises associated with pleasure during sex, and also show the characteristic vaginal contractions of female orgasm when stimulated
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3402/snp.v6.31883 evidence that female rats experience sexual pleasure
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leroy_Hood nvented the DNA sequencer, the protein sequencer, the peptide synthesizer, and many other methods
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleftherios_Diamandis biochemist who first skeptically investigated Theranos’s claims and prompted John Carreyrou to do his famous investigative expose
links 1/21/2025: https://roamresearch.com/#/app/srcpublic/page/02-21-2025
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofilament_light_polypeptide a marker of axonal degeneration in Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, ALS, MS
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67052013.x study linking levels of NfL to ALS: 1996
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03777.x study linking levels of NfL to ALS severity/progression: 2012
https://www.nature.com/articles/312757a0 sequencing the HIV-1 virus -- 1984
https://www.nature.com/articles/324691a0 same group at the Pasteur Institute sequenced the HIV-2 virus in 1986
xhttps://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(96)05283-X/fulltext earliest trial (1996) I could find using viral load as an endpoint for HIV vaccines
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitosterolemia lipid metabolic disorder
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrodysplasia_ossificans_progressiva rare disease that turns muscle and tendons to bone
https://www.nature.com/articles/ng1783 gene for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/publications-and-special-projects/the-research-legacy-of-penn-medicine/orthopaedics/fop history of research on the disease
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton discovered hepatitis C
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_M._Kunkel discovered dystrophin, the protein deficient in muscular dystrophy
https://www.discoverymedicine.com/Eric-P-Hoffman/2013/11/08/orphan-drug-development-in-muscular-dystrophy-update-on-two-large-clinical-trials-of-dystrophin-rescue-therapies/ trials using dystrophin as a biomarker in trials for muscular dystrophy
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)60756-3/fulltext?keepThis=true&width=850&height=650&rss=yes&TB_iframe=true dystrophin used as a surrogate endpoint in muscular dystrophy trial
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/10425179109008433 cytomegalovirus sequenced in 2009
https://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/bart-barrell-1944-2023/ Bart Barrell
https://profiles.ucl.ac.uk/1277-stephan-beck Stephan Beck
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/62/9/1154/1745383 first study I could find (2016) using viral load as an endpoint for CMV antivirals
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2730307/ standard anthrax immunoassay, from 2002
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2003715 SOD1 used as an endpoint in a trial for ALS
https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.1243292 first description of activated PI3K-δ syndrome, 2013
https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/130/21/2307/36662/Effective-activated-PI3K-syndrome-targeted-therapy lymph node size and naive B cells as endpoints in activated PI3K-δ syndrome trial
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_PI3K_delta_syndrome
https://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJM197911223012102 IGF-1 as a biomarker for acromegaly, 1979
more on IGFs in acromegaly: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0026049594901996
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/257810 Niemann-Pick first described in 1928
https://www.fda.gov/drugs/development-resources/table-surrogate-endpoints-were-basis-drug-approval-or-licensure list of surrogate endpoints that the FDA accepted for drug approval/licensing
https://charlesyang.substack.com/p/2-years-at-doe what it’s really like at DOE
https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/2022-59-02/S0273-0979-2022-01759-4/S0273-0979-2022-01759-4.pdf this is the closest I could find to an exposition of the Bellman function method
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berl_Katznelson early Zionist; does not appear to be related to the mathematician
people often claim that the “female orgasm” is exclusive to humans, or cannot be detected in animals, but this is false
https://kinseyinstitute.org/pdf/womens%20orgasm%20annual%20review.pdf female orgasm has numerous objectively verifiable signs, from characteristic changes in breathing/heart rate to rhythmic vaginal contractions.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajp.1350010104 females of many species of primates make facial expressions and noises associated with pleasure during sex, and also show the characteristic vaginal contractions of female orgasm when stimulated
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3402/snp.v6.31883 evidence that female rats experience sexual pleasure
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leroy_Hood nvented the DNA sequencer, the protein sequencer, the peptide synthesizer, and many other methods
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleftherios_Diamandis biochemist who first skeptically investigated Theranos’s claims and prompted John Carreyrou to do his famous investigative expose