paradigm-breaking physical theories such as Einstenian relativity and quantum mechanics would have been pseudoscience when they were presented
Since E8′s predictions about a few new particles also violate currently known physical laws, that interpretation of ‘pseudoscience’ would include E8 - but in my rough definitions above, I’ve included E8 as coming closer to proto-science than pseudo-science; so I’m going to have to disagree with you about your described criterion matching the dividing line I’m trying to draw.
But it hasn’t been established that cryonics has a 5% chance of working, or even a 0.25% chance.
On the other paw, it hasn’t been established that cryonics has a 5% chance of failure, or even a 0.25% chance. It seems worthwhile to determine what the relevant null hypothesis /is/, before determining in which direction the burden of proof lies. (Either that, or one could try a Feynman estimate. A 0.5% chance of success seems too low; and a 10% chance seems too high; so somewhere around 3% seems within the right order of magnitude.)
I haven’t had the time to read it yet
They’re both quite short; I even managed to describe the ideas involved to a complete non-physicist:
[You are] probably familiar with Newtonian physics: force, mass, action and reaction, conservation of momentum, etc. The equations involved in all of that can be written out in different ways, which all add up to the same things, like x=y is the same as x-y=0. One if those ways is called the Hamilton-Jacobi Equation, which is one of the more powerful and general versions, but with a flaw—it’s “non-deterministic”, meaning it’s rubbish at telling you what actually would happen when particles interact. Fortunately, it’s possible to add a term to H-J, which arises from adding the premise that “God does not play dice with the universe” (aka ‘determinism’, something which physicists prize in such equations), which fixes that flaw. A surprising consequence of doing so is that the H-J equation can then be rearranged into another equation: the Schrodinger Equation, which is the foundation of quantum mechanics. Which means that all that quantum mechanics really is nothing more or less than classical physics, where all the different possible sequences of events happen in their own ‘universes’, and which can affect each other as long as any given particle has a similar enough position&momentum to a particle in the other universes.
Since E8′s predictions about a few new particles also violate currently known physical laws, that interpretation of ‘pseudoscience’ would include E8 - but in my rough definitions above, I’ve included E8 as coming closer to proto-science than pseudo-science; so I’m going to have to disagree with you about your described criterion matching the dividing line I’m trying to draw.
So why did you mention not violating known physical laws as a criterion for cryonics not being pseudoscience?
It seems worthwhile to determine what the relevant null hypothesis /is/, before determining in which direction the burden of proof lies.
Seriously? Somebody claims they have invented a method to achieve nigh-immortality, except they can’t demonstrate that it works right now, and it’s success conjunctively depends on a large number of highly questionable assumptions, and people with relevant domain expertise either ignore it or actively distance themselves from it. I wonder what the relevant null hypothesis might be...
(Either that, or one could try a Feynman estimate. A 0.5% chance of success seems too low; and a 10% chance seems too high; so somewhere around 3% seems within the right order of magnitude.)
You mean Fermi estimates, and they don’t work by pulling numbers out of your hat as you seem to be doing here.
I haven’t had the time to read it yet
I’ve read the introduction of the first one. It seems that the author is taking the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, adding a special extra term (the “quantum potential”) and massaging it to get the Schrödinger equation.
That’s doesn’t strike me as particularly surprising, since it is well known that the Schrödinger equation is mathematically similar to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The “Hamiltonian operator” in the Schrödinger equation is called that way for a reason, and the Schrödinger equation converges to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation in the classical limit.
Huh, I’ve seen something vaguely similar in a physics textbook: the authors “derive” the Schrodinger equation by describing the properties that an equation has to have in order to describe an object (such as a single photon) that “interferes with itself” in the double slit experiment. Another textbook I’ve read simply says that “derivations” of the Schrodinger equation are basically bogus; the Schrodinger equation is an empirical formula that is chosen because it matches observations, and doesn’t actually have any more justification than that.
The best discussion you are likely to find is in Ballentine. If you accept (empirically) Galilean invariance, the STRUCTURE of the Schroedinger equation falls out of group representation theory quite naturally.
The actual specifics of a problem involved picking a potential to use in the problem, and this is empirical. So if you ask the question:
What equation does an electron in an atom obey? That is empirical. If you ask:
Given Galilean invariance and a 1/r potential, what equation does an electron in an atom obey? This doesn’t need any more empirics.
Sadly, with lorentz invariance things get quite a bit more complicated. Adding in Lorentz invariance forces you to deal more directly with spin (and lets you prove spin-statisics), so you end up with the Klein-Gordon equation for spin 0, the Dirac equation for spin 1⁄2, and variants of the Maxwell equations for spin 1.
But you also get weird “paradoxical” effects trying to interpret the results of those equations along the lines of non-relativistic quantum, so you are forced to push towards full field theory.
Since E8′s predictions about a few new particles also violate currently known physical laws, that interpretation of ‘pseudoscience’ would include E8 - but in my rough definitions above, I’ve included E8 as coming closer to proto-science than pseudo-science; so I’m going to have to disagree with you about your described criterion matching the dividing line I’m trying to draw.
On the other paw, it hasn’t been established that cryonics has a 5% chance of failure, or even a 0.25% chance. It seems worthwhile to determine what the relevant null hypothesis /is/, before determining in which direction the burden of proof lies. (Either that, or one could try a Feynman estimate. A 0.5% chance of success seems too low; and a 10% chance seems too high; so somewhere around 3% seems within the right order of magnitude.)
They’re both quite short; I even managed to describe the ideas involved to a complete non-physicist:
[You are] probably familiar with Newtonian physics: force, mass, action and reaction, conservation of momentum, etc. The equations involved in all of that can be written out in different ways, which all add up to the same things, like x=y is the same as x-y=0. One if those ways is called the Hamilton-Jacobi Equation, which is one of the more powerful and general versions, but with a flaw—it’s “non-deterministic”, meaning it’s rubbish at telling you what actually would happen when particles interact. Fortunately, it’s possible to add a term to H-J, which arises from adding the premise that “God does not play dice with the universe” (aka ‘determinism’, something which physicists prize in such equations), which fixes that flaw. A surprising consequence of doing so is that the H-J equation can then be rearranged into another equation: the Schrodinger Equation, which is the foundation of quantum mechanics. Which means that all that quantum mechanics really is nothing more or less than classical physics, where all the different possible sequences of events happen in their own ‘universes’, and which can affect each other as long as any given particle has a similar enough position&momentum to a particle in the other universes.
So why did you mention not violating known physical laws as a criterion for cryonics not being pseudoscience?
Seriously? Somebody claims they have invented a method to achieve nigh-immortality, except they can’t demonstrate that it works right now, and it’s success conjunctively depends on a large number of highly questionable assumptions, and people with relevant domain expertise either ignore it or actively distance themselves from it.
I wonder what the relevant null hypothesis might be...
You mean Fermi estimates, and they don’t work by pulling numbers out of your hat as you seem to be doing here.
I’ve read the introduction of the first one. It seems that the author is taking the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, adding a special extra term (the “quantum potential”) and massaging it to get the Schrödinger equation.
That’s doesn’t strike me as particularly surprising, since it is well known that the Schrödinger equation is mathematically similar to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The “Hamiltonian operator” in the Schrödinger equation is called that way for a reason, and the Schrödinger equation converges to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation in the classical limit.
Huh, I’ve seen something vaguely similar in a physics textbook: the authors “derive” the Schrodinger equation by describing the properties that an equation has to have in order to describe an object (such as a single photon) that “interferes with itself” in the double slit experiment. Another textbook I’ve read simply says that “derivations” of the Schrodinger equation are basically bogus; the Schrodinger equation is an empirical formula that is chosen because it matches observations, and doesn’t actually have any more justification than that.
The best discussion you are likely to find is in Ballentine. If you accept (empirically) Galilean invariance, the STRUCTURE of the Schroedinger equation falls out of group representation theory quite naturally.
The actual specifics of a problem involved picking a potential to use in the problem, and this is empirical. So if you ask the question: What equation does an electron in an atom obey? That is empirical.
If you ask: Given Galilean invariance and a 1/r potential, what equation does an electron in an atom obey? This doesn’t need any more empirics.
And assuming Lorentz invariance gives you the Dirac equation, right?
Sadly, with lorentz invariance things get quite a bit more complicated. Adding in Lorentz invariance forces you to deal more directly with spin (and lets you prove spin-statisics), so you end up with the Klein-Gordon equation for spin 0, the Dirac equation for spin 1⁄2, and variants of the Maxwell equations for spin 1.
But you also get weird “paradoxical” effects trying to interpret the results of those equations along the lines of non-relativistic quantum, so you are forced to push towards full field theory.