One of the original tag-based cooperation papers features a scenario where signal-based cooperation persists—despite regular forgery of the signals used. See:
Riolo, R.L., Cohen, M.D., Axelrod, R. (2001) Evolution of cooperation without reciprocity
Sigmund, Karl and Nowak, Martin (2001) Tides of tolerance
One of the original tag-based cooperation papers features a scenario where signal-based cooperation persists—despite regular forgery of the signals used. See:
Riolo, R.L., Cohen, M.D., Axelrod, R. (2001) Evolution of cooperation without reciprocity
Sigmund, Karl and Nowak, Martin (2001) Tides of tolerance