Someone takes a class. They take a test, which they have to pass to pass the class. They pass the test and the class.
How do we know they couldn’t have passed the test before taking the class?
Alternatively, from xkcd (from memory):
Person 1: I used to think correlation implied causation.
Person 1: Then I took a stats class.
Person 1: Now I don’t.
Person 2: So it helped.
Person 1: Maybe.
Hover text: correlation doesn’t point to causation, but it inclines its head and raises its eyebrows.
Someone takes a class. They take a test, which they have to pass to pass the class. They pass the test and the class.
How do we know they couldn’t have passed the test before taking the class?
Alternatively, from xkcd (from memory):
Person 1: I used to think correlation implied causation.
Person 1: Then I took a stats class.
Person 1: Now I don’t.
Person 2: So it helped.
Person 1: Maybe.
Hover text: correlation doesn’t point to causation, but it inclines its head and raises its eyebrows.