Question marks and exclamation points go outside, unless they’re part of the sentence, and colons and semicolons always go outside.
An example of a sentence from the post that uses a colon is “It gets deeper than this, but the core problem remains the same”:
Surely nobody endorses putting the colon outside the quotes there! I feel like Opus/whoever is just assuming that people virtually never want to quote a piece of text that ends in a colon, rather than really wanting to endorse a different rule to the question mark case.
An example of a sentence from the post that uses a colon is “It gets deeper than this, but the core problem remains the same”:
Surely nobody endorses putting the colon outside the quotes there! I feel like Opus/whoever is just assuming that people virtually never want to quote a piece of text that ends in a colon, rather than really wanting to endorse a different rule to the question mark case.