I can’t but note that the world “reality” is conspicuously absent here...
Arguments of type (1) necessarily track reality (it is pretty much defined this way), (2) may or may not depending on the quality of the premises, (3) often does, and sometimes you just can’t do any better than (4) with available information and corrupted hardware.
Just because I didn’t use the word “reality” doesn’t really mean much.
Arguments of type (1) necessarily track reality (it is pretty much defined this way), (2) may or may not depending on the quality of the premises, (3) often does, and sometimes you just can’t do any better than (4) with available information and corrupted hardware.
Just because I didn’t use the word “reality” doesn’t really mean much.