I agree that most of these philosophies were more rational, in a broad sense, that their chief rivals in their historical context. I would add to the list the empiricism of Locke and Hume, and the Enlightenment rationalism of Voltaire and others. On the other hand, there are a couple of mistakes in your list:
positivism, logic school of Carnap, Wittgenstein and others (Saul Kripke today)
Wittgenstein was never a positivist, and though his Tractatus did influence the Vienna Circle, he disavowed them as disciples. And I wouldn’t say Kripke is a positivist in any sense. He believes in non-empirical “metaphysical necessities” and is a mind-body dualist (in fact, a lot of the current discussion on zombie arguments originates in his writings).
finitism, mathematical “intuitionism” of David Hilbert
Hilbert was a formalist, not a finitst-intuitionist, and both philosophies are generally viewed as polar opposites in their conception of mathematics. For example, Hilbert embraced Cantor’s transfinite sets, while intuitionists rejected them.
I agree that most of these philosophies were more rational, in a broad sense, that their chief rivals in their historical context. I would add to the list the empiricism of Locke and Hume, and the Enlightenment rationalism of Voltaire and others. On the other hand, there are a couple of mistakes in your list:
Wittgenstein was never a positivist, and though his Tractatus did influence the Vienna Circle, he disavowed them as disciples. And I wouldn’t say Kripke is a positivist in any sense. He believes in non-empirical “metaphysical necessities” and is a mind-body dualist (in fact, a lot of the current discussion on zombie arguments originates in his writings).
Hilbert was a formalist, not a finitst-intuitionist, and both philosophies are generally viewed as polar opposites in their conception of mathematics. For example, Hilbert embraced Cantor’s transfinite sets, while intuitionists rejected them.
I’ll rewrite it after some re-checking.