There are specific conditions under which conditional probability differs from causal intervention. Suppose we are comparing conditional probability P(Y|X=x) to intervention P(Y|do(X=x)). When there are no “backdoor paths” from Y to X—which loosely speaking, are indirect paths of influence—then these are equal.
There are specific conditions under which conditional probability differs from causal intervention. Suppose we are comparing conditional probability P(Y|X=x) to intervention P(Y|do(X=x)). When there are no “backdoor paths” from Y to X—which loosely speaking, are indirect paths of influence—then these are equal.