If you regard only women, or only men, the cooperate-defect criteria switches; if no woman wears makeup, the one who does gets an advantage over the others. In terms of relative advantage, these behaviors are defection.
I’d suggest this is a more natural perspective, since the group perspective requires unified decision-making. An individual male or female isn’t making a decision “for men” or “for women.”
If you regard only women, or only men, the cooperate-defect criteria switches; if no woman wears makeup, the one who does gets an advantage over the others. In terms of relative advantage, these behaviors are defection.
I’d suggest this is a more natural perspective, since the group perspective requires unified decision-making. An individual male or female isn’t making a decision “for men” or “for women.”
Indeed, I used to suspect that opposition to PUA by men was due to essentially a (possibly implicit) cartel.
Except insofar as if a woman wears makeup, other women will wear makeup too to keep up.