I think cosmology theories have to be phrased as including background assumptions like “I am not a Boltzmann brain” and “this is not a simulation” and such. Compare Acknowledging Background Information with P(Q|I) for example. Given that, they are Falsifiable-Wikipedia.
I view Falsifiable-Wikipedia in a similar way to Occam’s Razor. The true epistemology has a simplicity prior, and Occam’s Razor is a shadow of that. The true epistemology considers “empirical vulnerability” / “experimental risk” to be positive. Possibly because it falls out of Bayesian updates, possibly because they are “big if true”, possibly for other reasons. Falsifiability is a shadow of that.
In that context, if a hypothesis makes no novel predictions, and the predictions it makes are a superset of the predictions of other hypotheses, it’s less empirically vulnerable, and in some relative sense “unfalsifiable”, compared to those other hypotheses.
I personally wouldn’t include it, because essentially everything (given a powerful enough model of computation) could be simulated, and this is why the simulation hypothesis is so bad in casual discourse: It explains everything, which means it explains nothing that is specific to our universe:
I think cosmology theories have to be phrased as including background assumptions like “I am not a Boltzmann brain” and “this is not a simulation” and such. Compare Acknowledging Background Information with P(Q|I) for example. Given that, they are Falsifiable-Wikipedia.
I view Falsifiable-Wikipedia in a similar way to Occam’s Razor. The true epistemology has a simplicity prior, and Occam’s Razor is a shadow of that. The true epistemology considers “empirical vulnerability” / “experimental risk” to be positive. Possibly because it falls out of Bayesian updates, possibly because they are “big if true”, possibly for other reasons. Falsifiability is a shadow of that.
In that context, if a hypothesis makes no novel predictions, and the predictions it makes are a superset of the predictions of other hypotheses, it’s less empirically vulnerable, and in some relative sense “unfalsifiable”, compared to those other hypotheses.
I personally wouldn’t include it, because essentially everything (given a powerful enough model of computation) could be simulated, and this is why the simulation hypothesis is so bad in casual discourse: It explains everything, which means it explains nothing that is specific to our universe:
https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.08747