The classic example fitting the title, which I learned from a Martin Gardner article (I think he cited it from some 1800s person), is: “Hypothesis: No man is 100 feet tall. Evidence: You see a man who is 99 feet tall. Technically, that evidence does fit the hypothesis, but probably after seeing that evidence you would become much less confident in the hypothesis.”
Well, basically, it can all be interpreted as having multiple competing theories (e.g. “The tallest human ever was slightly under 9 feet, humans generally follow a certain distribution, your heart probably wouldn’t even be able to circulate blood that far, etc.” vs “Something very, very weird and new that breaks my understanding is happening”) and the evidence can be considered in a Bayesian way.
The classic example fitting the title, which I learned from a Martin Gardner article (I think he cited it from some 1800s person), is: “Hypothesis: No man is 100 feet tall. Evidence: You see a man who is 99 feet tall. Technically, that evidence does fit the hypothesis, but probably after seeing that evidence you would become much less confident in the hypothesis.”
Well, basically, it can all be interpreted as having multiple competing theories (e.g. “The tallest human ever was slightly under 9 feet, humans generally follow a certain distribution, your heart probably wouldn’t even be able to circulate blood that far, etc.” vs “Something very, very weird and new that breaks my understanding is happening”) and the evidence can be considered in a Bayesian way.