I guess the modern equivalent that’s relevant to AI alignment would be Singular Learning Theory which proposes a novel theory to explain how deep learning generalizes.
I think Singular Learning Theory was developed independently of deep learning, and is not specifically about deep learning. It’s about any learning system, under some assumptions, which are more general than the assumptions for normal Learning Theory. This is why you can use SLT but not normal Learning Theory when analysing NNs. NNs break the assumptions for normal Learning Theory but not for SLT.
I think Singular Learning Theory was developed independently of deep learning, and is not specifically about deep learning. It’s about any learning system, under some assumptions, which are more general than the assumptions for normal Learning Theory. This is why you can use SLT but not normal Learning Theory when analysing NNs. NNs break the assumptions for normal Learning Theory but not for SLT.