Suppose you have access to a ‘true random number generator’, and you read off a string of N random bits. You also take N electrons, and you prepare the spins of the electrons such that the i-th electron has spin “up” if the i-th bit is 1, or else “down” if the i-th bit is 0.
Now here’s an interesting fact: There is no experiment anyone could do to determine whether you had chosen “up”/”down” or “left”/”right” as spin directions for your electrons.
In other words, quantum uncertainty and probabilistic uncertainty can combine ‘seamlessly’ in such a way that it’s impossible to say where one ends and the other begins.
One last thing—make of it what you will.
Suppose you have access to a ‘true random number generator’, and you read off a string of N random bits. You also take N electrons, and you prepare the spins of the electrons such that the i-th electron has spin “up” if the i-th bit is 1, or else “down” if the i-th bit is 0.
Now here’s an interesting fact: There is no experiment anyone could do to determine whether you had chosen “up”/”down” or “left”/”right” as spin directions for your electrons.
In other words, quantum uncertainty and probabilistic uncertainty can combine ‘seamlessly’ in such a way that it’s impossible to say where one ends and the other begins.