6. “Frontier model” means either of the following: (a) an artificial intelligence model trained using greater than 10^26 computational operations (e.g., integer or floating-point operations), the compute cost of which exceeds one hundred million dollars; OR (b) an artificial intelligence model produced by applying knowledge distillation to a frontier model as defined in paragraph (a) of this subdivision, provided that the compute cost for such model produced by applying knowledge distillation exceeds five million dollars.
Where did you go to see the version of the bill with the bolded part? Looking at the bill here, which is the only link to the text of the bill I see on nysenate.gov, I see the definition as
“Frontier model” means either of the following: (a) an artificial intelligence model trained using greater than 10º26 computational operations (e.g., integer or floating-point operations), the compute cost of which exceeds one hundred million dollars; or (b) an artificial intelligence model produced by applying knowledge distillation to a frontier model as defined in paragraph (a) of this subdivision.
The “where the distillation costs at least $5M” seems very important to have the bill not affect e.g. a hedge fund that has trained $100M of specialized models, at least one of which cost $5M, and then separately has had an intern spend a couple hundred dollars distilling the llama 4 behemoth model (if that one happens to be over the 10^26 mark, which it is if it’s as overtrained as the rest of the llama series)
You have to dig for it on nysenate.gov but you can also find it there: the most recent version of this is A6453B not A6453A. Not sure why the “download bill full text” links to the first version of a bill rather than the most up-to-date one.
I’m guessing Zvi is referencing these parts in the definition of “large developer” and a further section later on pages 3 and 5 respectively.
“Large developer” means a person that has trained at least one frontier model, the compute cost of which exceeds five million dollars, and has spent over one hundred million dollars in compute costs in aggregate in training frontier models...
...Any person who is not a large developer, but who sets out to train a frontier model that if completed as planned would qualify such person as a large developer (I.E. At the end of the training, such person will have spent five million dollars in compute costs on one frontier model and one hundred million dollars in compute costs in aggregate in training frontier models, excluding accredited colleges and universities to the extent such colleges and universities are engaging in academic research) shall, before training such model:
Non-large developers setting out to train a frontier model as described above also have to fill out an SSP but don’t have follow paragraphs C or D of the SSP definition (making a detailed test procedure) which wasn’t really part of your question but now we know.
ETA: I just now see Expertium’s comment where there’s a more recent version of the bill, mostly making this comment superfluous.
Where did you go to see the version of the bill with the bolded part? Looking at the bill here, which is the only link to the text of the bill I see on nysenate.gov, I see the definition as
The “where the distillation costs at least $5M” seems very important to have the bill not affect e.g. a hedge fund that has trained $100M of specialized models, at least one of which cost $5M, and then separately has had an intern spend a couple hundred dollars distilling the llama 4 behemoth model (if that one happens to be over the 10^26 mark, which it is if it’s as overtrained as the rest of the llama series)
I’m looking at this: https://legiscan.com/NY/text/S06953/2025
I guess it was amended very quickly?
Ah, yep. Thanks!
You have to dig for it on nysenate.gov but you can also find it there: the most recent version of this is A6453B not A6453A. Not sure why the “download bill full text” links to the first version of a bill rather than the most up-to-date one.
I’m guessing Zvi is referencing these parts in the definition of “large developer” and a further section later on pages 3 and 5 respectively.
Non-large developers setting out to train a frontier model as described above also have to fill out an SSP but don’t have follow paragraphs C or D of the SSP definition (making a detailed test procedure) which wasn’t really part of your question but now we know.
ETA: I just now see Expertium’s comment where there’s a more recent version of the bill, mostly making this comment superfluous.