I like everything recommended above and in the current comments, so I’ll add more that weren’t mentioned although some deviate a bit from being “rationalist” focused:
Frostpunk
Shadows of Doubt
Tunic
A Hand With Many Fingers
The Rise of the Golden Idol
Return of the Obra Dinn
Immortality
I would throw Cyberpunk 2077 in there too actually, not so much for the mechanics as for the world and how the game invites you to engage with yourself.
I like everything recommended above and in the current comments, so I’ll add more that weren’t mentioned although some deviate a bit from being “rationalist” focused:
Frostpunk
Shadows of Doubt
Tunic
A Hand With Many Fingers
The Rise of the Golden Idol
Return of the Obra Dinn
Immortality
I would throw Cyberpunk 2077 in there too actually, not so much for the mechanics as for the world and how the game invites you to engage with yourself.