The argument is wrong: Questions B and C are not equivalent. It takes advantage of a bias called the pseudocertainty effect:
The pseudocertainty effect is a concept from prospect theory. It refers to people’s tendency to perceive an outcome as certain while in fact it is uncertain (Kahneman & Tversky, 1986).[1] It is observed in multi-stage decisions, in which evaluation of outcomes in previous decision stage is discarded when making an option in subsequent stages.
It is easy to see that B and C are not equivalent: in B, you have a choice between a 1⁄3 chance of dying and no chance of dying (a difference of 1⁄3). In C, you have a choice between a 4⁄6 chance of dying and a 3⁄6 chance of dying (a difference of 1⁄6).
The argument is wrong: Questions B and C are not equivalent. It takes advantage of a bias called the pseudocertainty effect:
It is easy to see that B and C are not equivalent: in B, you have a choice between a 1⁄3 chance of dying and no chance of dying (a difference of 1⁄3). In C, you have a choice between a 4⁄6 chance of dying and a 3⁄6 chance of dying (a difference of 1⁄6).