[Question] Rigorous political science?

Voting theory seems pretty easy to Google, find interesting reference material on, etc. But I’m currently interested in going a bit beyond voting theory, to broader questions of governance. For example, what are the real advantages of parliamentary systems vs presidential systems? What elements of constitutions lead to actual good governance? Questions like these are less clear-cut and more highly politicized, so I expect it to be much more difficult to filter out BS. Wikipedia is full of good historical information, but articles on specific government styles tend to only contain vague statements of advantages and disadvantages, rather than rigorous assessment.

Are there good subfields of political science that would offer powerful predictive models, or at least mathematically rigorous analysis?

Are there terms I should Google? Areas with good textbooks? Other book recommendations? Specific papers?

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