I had exactly one teacher, a professor in college, who understood and acted on this idea. His grading formula was such that acing the final always meant you got an A. But, the better you did on homework and tests before that (‘achievement points’), the less the final exam counted for. And the more effort you put in (homework, office hours, class participation), the more leniently your exams would be graded (‘effort points’). And the more effort the class as a whole put in, the more leniently everyone’s exams would be graded. But I think something like that only works if you’re willing to actually let students fail.
I had exactly one teacher, a professor in college, who understood and acted on this idea. His grading formula was such that acing the final always meant you got an A. But, the better you did on homework and tests before that (‘achievement points’), the less the final exam counted for. And the more effort you put in (homework, office hours, class participation), the more leniently your exams would be graded (‘effort points’). And the more effort the class as a whole put in, the more leniently everyone’s exams would be graded. But I think something like that only works if you’re willing to actually let students fail.