While I don’t think that “someone would have noticed” is always a fallacy, I do think that we humans tend to underestimate the chance of some obvious fact going unnoticed by a large group for a prolonged period.
At a computer vision conference last year, the best paper award went to some researchers that discovered an astonishing yet simple statistic of natural images, which surprised me at first because I thought all the simple, low level, easily accessible discoveries in computer vision had long since been discovered.
A different example- one of the most successful techniques in computer vision of the past decade has been graph cuts, where you formulate an optimization problem as a max flow problem in a graph. The first paper on graph cuts was published in 1991 iirc, but it was ignored and it wasn’t until 2000 that people went back to it, whereupon several of the field’s key problems were immediately solved!
Agreed—consider C60. Would anyone in 1980 have believed that there was an unrecognized allotrope of carbon, stable at room temperature and pressure? To phrase it another way: The whole field of organic chemistry had been active for about a century at that point, and had not noticed another structure for their core element in all that time.
I happen to work with someone who was working on his PhD thesis at MIT and found this gigantic peak in his mass spec where C-60 was, but didn’t pursue it because he didn’t have time.
I agree, with respect to (e.g.) math. People reason that “someone would have noticed” implies that there is no undiscovered low-hanging fruit in math.
My skepticism of this conclusion is based on my perception of how mathematicians work. They are fairly autonomous, working on the things that interest them. What is interesting to mathematicians tends to be the large problems. They swing for the fences, seeking home runs rather than singles.
Plus, there are unfashionable areas of math. A consensus that certain areas of math have been fully explored (nothing new remains) has developed, but not in a systematic way. So, it’s not clear whether this consensus is accurate, because politics (for lack of a better term) were involved in its formation.
It’s only reasonable to be confident that ‘someone would have noticed’ if someone knowledgeable about what they are looking at actually looks in that direction.
The other thing that happens is that those who notice something that goes against the orthodox view are dismissed out of hand. As in Alicorn’s point 2, soothsayers are ignored. They often are outsiders, untrained/unconditioned by the accepted view, so their arguments are frequently inadequate.
Nowhere is this more apparent than with the abusively named “Cantor-cranks”. They have noticed something fishy about Georg Cantor’s 3 proofs that the real numbers are uncountable, but because Cantor did such a good job of diverting attention so completely onto the reals, the cranks tend to fall into the same trap. Yet all along the cause of their dislike of Cantor’s proofs lies with his treatment of the natural numbers as a finite quantity.
Generally, the experts dismiss all objections as boring, or as pseudo-maths, and if the crank can argue against one proof, then the “experts” move on to the other proofs, as did Cantor, further reinforcing the original misdirection.
While I don’t think that “someone would have noticed” is always a fallacy, I do think that we humans tend to underestimate the chance of some obvious fact going unnoticed by a large group for a prolonged period.
At a computer vision conference last year, the best paper award went to some researchers that discovered an astonishing yet simple statistic of natural images, which surprised me at first because I thought all the simple, low level, easily accessible discoveries in computer vision had long since been discovered.
A different example- one of the most successful techniques in computer vision of the past decade has been graph cuts, where you formulate an optimization problem as a max flow problem in a graph. The first paper on graph cuts was published in 1991 iirc, but it was ignored and it wasn’t until 2000 that people went back to it, whereupon several of the field’s key problems were immediately solved!
Agreed—consider C60. Would anyone in 1980 have believed that there was an unrecognized allotrope of carbon, stable at room temperature and pressure? To phrase it another way: The whole field of organic chemistry had been active for about a century at that point, and had not noticed another structure for their core element in all that time.
Yes, in 1966 and 1970.
I happen to work with someone who was working on his PhD thesis at MIT and found this gigantic peak in his mass spec where C-60 was, but didn’t pursue it because he didn’t have time.
Could you post a link to the paper?
Sure thing—http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/jiansun/papers/dehaze_cvpr2009.pdf
I agree, with respect to (e.g.) math. People reason that “someone would have noticed” implies that there is no undiscovered low-hanging fruit in math.
My skepticism of this conclusion is based on my perception of how mathematicians work. They are fairly autonomous, working on the things that interest them. What is interesting to mathematicians tends to be the large problems. They swing for the fences, seeking home runs rather than singles.
Plus, there are unfashionable areas of math. A consensus that certain areas of math have been fully explored (nothing new remains) has developed, but not in a systematic way. So, it’s not clear whether this consensus is accurate, because politics (for lack of a better term) were involved in its formation.
It’s only reasonable to be confident that ‘someone would have noticed’ if someone knowledgeable about what they are looking at actually looks in that direction.
The other thing that happens is that those who notice something that goes against the orthodox view are dismissed out of hand. As in Alicorn’s point 2, soothsayers are ignored. They often are outsiders, untrained/unconditioned by the accepted view, so their arguments are frequently inadequate.
Nowhere is this more apparent than with the abusively named “Cantor-cranks”. They have noticed something fishy about Georg Cantor’s 3 proofs that the real numbers are uncountable, but because Cantor did such a good job of diverting attention so completely onto the reals, the cranks tend to fall into the same trap. Yet all along the cause of their dislike of Cantor’s proofs lies with his treatment of the natural numbers as a finite quantity.
Generally, the experts dismiss all objections as boring, or as pseudo-maths, and if the crank can argue against one proof, then the “experts” move on to the other proofs, as did Cantor, further reinforcing the original misdirection.