Well, correct me if I’m wrong, but most of the other popular religions don’t really believe in eternal paradise/damnation, so Pascal’s Wager applies just as much to, say, Christianity vs. Hinduism as it does Christianity vs. atheism. Jews, Buddhists, and Hindus don’t believe in hell, but as far as I can tell. Muslims do. So if I were going to buy into Pascal’s wager, I think I would read apologetics of both Christianity and Islam, figure out which one seemed more likely, and going with that one. Even if you found equal probability estimates for both, flipping a coin and picking one would still be better than going with atheism, right?
The proliferation of equally plausible religions is to me very strong evidence that no one of them is likely to be true,
Why? Couldn’t it be something like, Religion A is correct, Religion B almost gets it and is getting at the same essential truth, but is wrong in a few ways, Religion C is an outdated version of Religion A that failed to update on new information, Religion D is an altered imitation of Religion A that only exists for political reasons, etc.
Good post though, and you sort of half-convinced me that there are flaws in Pascal’s Wager, but I’m still not so sure.
You’re combining two reasons for believing: Pascal’s Wager, and popularity (that many people already believe). That way, you try to avoid a pure Pascal’s Mugging, but if the mugger can claim to have successfully mugged many people in the past, then you’ll submit to the mugging. You’ll believe in a religion if it has Heaven and Hell in it, but only if it’s also popular enough.
You’re updating on the evidence that many people believe in a religion, but it’s unclear what it’s evidence for. How did most people come to believe in their religion? They can’t have followed your decision procedure, because it only tells you to believe in popular religions, and every religion historically started out small and unpopular.
So for your argument to work, you must believe that the truth of a religion is a strong positive cause of people believing in it. (It can’t be overwhelmingly strong, though, since no religion has or has had a large majority of the world believing in it.)
But if people can somehow detect or deduce the truth of a religion on their own—and moreover, billions of people can do so (in the case of the biggest religions) - then you should be able to do so as well.
Therefore I suggest you try to decide on the truth of a religion directly, the way those other people did. Pascal’s Wager can at most bias you in favour of religions with Hell in them, but you still need some unrelated evidence for their truth, or else you fall prey to Pascal’s Mugging.
Even if you limit yourself to eternal damnation promising religions, you still need to decide which brand of Christianity/Islam is true.
If religion A is true, that implies that religion A’s god exists and acts in a way consistent with the tenets of that religion. This implies that all of humanity should have strong and very believable evidence for Religion A over all other religions. But we have a large amount of religions that describe god and gods acting in very different ways. This is either evidence that all the religions are relatively false, that god is inconsistent, or that we have multiple gods who are of course free to contradict one another. There’s a lot of evidence that religions sprout from other religions and you could semi-plausibly argue that there is a proto-religion that all modern ones are versions or corruptions of, but this doesn’t actually work to select Christianity, because we have strong evidence that many religions predate Christianity, including some of which that it appears to have borrowed myths from.
Another problem with pascal’s wager: claims about eternal rewards or punishments are not as difficult to make as they would be to make plausible. Basically: any given string of words said by a person is not plausible evidence for infinite anything because it’s far more easy to SAY infinity than to provide any other kind of evidence. This means you can’t afford to multiply utility by infinity because at any point someone can make any claim involving infinity and fuck up all your math.
Jews, Buddhists, and Hindus don’t believe in hell, but as far as I can tell.
I can’t speak for the other ones, but Buddhists at least don’t have a “hell” that non-believers go to when they die because Buddhists already believe that life is an eternal cycle of infinite suffering, that can only be escaped by following the tenants of their religion. Thus, rather then going to hell, non-believers just get reincarnated back into our current world, which Buddhism sees as being like unto hell.
Well, correct me if I’m wrong, but most of the other popular religions don’t really believe in eternal paradise/damnation, so Pascal’s Wager applies just as much to, say, Christianity vs. Hinduism as it does Christianity vs. atheism. Jews, Buddhists, and Hindus don’t believe in hell, but as far as I can tell. Muslims do. So if I were going to buy into Pascal’s wager, I think I would read apologetics of both Christianity and Islam, figure out which one seemed more likely, and going with that one. Even if you found equal probability estimates for both, flipping a coin and picking one would still be better than going with atheism, right?
Why? Couldn’t it be something like, Religion A is correct, Religion B almost gets it and is getting at the same essential truth, but is wrong in a few ways, Religion C is an outdated version of Religion A that failed to update on new information, Religion D is an altered imitation of Religion A that only exists for political reasons, etc.
Good post though, and you sort of half-convinced me that there are flaws in Pascal’s Wager, but I’m still not so sure.
You’re combining two reasons for believing: Pascal’s Wager, and popularity (that many people already believe). That way, you try to avoid a pure Pascal’s Mugging, but if the mugger can claim to have successfully mugged many people in the past, then you’ll submit to the mugging. You’ll believe in a religion if it has Heaven and Hell in it, but only if it’s also popular enough.
You’re updating on the evidence that many people believe in a religion, but it’s unclear what it’s evidence for. How did most people come to believe in their religion? They can’t have followed your decision procedure, because it only tells you to believe in popular religions, and every religion historically started out small and unpopular.
So for your argument to work, you must believe that the truth of a religion is a strong positive cause of people believing in it. (It can’t be overwhelmingly strong, though, since no religion has or has had a large majority of the world believing in it.)
But if people can somehow detect or deduce the truth of a religion on their own—and moreover, billions of people can do so (in the case of the biggest religions) - then you should be able to do so as well.
Therefore I suggest you try to decide on the truth of a religion directly, the way those other people did. Pascal’s Wager can at most bias you in favour of religions with Hell in them, but you still need some unrelated evidence for their truth, or else you fall prey to Pascal’s Mugging.
Even if you limit yourself to eternal damnation promising religions, you still need to decide which brand of Christianity/Islam is true.
If religion A is true, that implies that religion A’s god exists and acts in a way consistent with the tenets of that religion. This implies that all of humanity should have strong and very believable evidence for Religion A over all other religions. But we have a large amount of religions that describe god and gods acting in very different ways. This is either evidence that all the religions are relatively false, that god is inconsistent, or that we have multiple gods who are of course free to contradict one another. There’s a lot of evidence that religions sprout from other religions and you could semi-plausibly argue that there is a proto-religion that all modern ones are versions or corruptions of, but this doesn’t actually work to select Christianity, because we have strong evidence that many religions predate Christianity, including some of which that it appears to have borrowed myths from.
Another problem with pascal’s wager: claims about eternal rewards or punishments are not as difficult to make as they would be to make plausible. Basically: any given string of words said by a person is not plausible evidence for infinite anything because it’s far more easy to SAY infinity than to provide any other kind of evidence. This means you can’t afford to multiply utility by infinity because at any point someone can make any claim involving infinity and fuck up all your math.
I can’t speak for the other ones, but Buddhists at least don’t have a “hell” that non-believers go to when they die because Buddhists already believe that life is an eternal cycle of infinite suffering, that can only be escaped by following the tenants of their religion. Thus, rather then going to hell, non-believers just get reincarnated back into our current world, which Buddhism sees as being like unto hell.