[2] We receive reward/pain not only from “primitive reinforcers” such as smiles, sugar, warmth, and the like, but also from many long-term predictors of those reinforcers (or predictors of predictors of those reinforcers, or...)
How primitive are these “primitive reinforcers”? For those who know more about the brain, is it known if and how they are reinforced through lower-level systems? Can these systems be (at least partially) brought under conscious control?
How primitive are these “primitive reinforcers”? For those who know more about the brain, is it known if and how they are reinforced through lower-level systems? Can these systems be (at least partially) brought under conscious control?