What you want to teach depends on what you’re trying to accomplish. I don’t think there’s much point in trying to give Aristotle an overview of modern scientific conclusions.
Assuming we want to accelerate technological progress, I’d rather teach him scientific method, decimal notation, evolution, and maybe what Feynman said (iirc) was the most important conclusion—that matter is made of tiny bits of elements. I don’t know what other specific subjects might be a good idea. Bayes? Calculus?
I don’t know what would be convincing experiments for atoms.
One more I’d want to teach him that you can learn a lot by doing careful measurement and thinking about the results.
I don’t know what Aristotle would come up with, given all that—he was very smart.
What you want to teach depends on what you’re trying to accomplish. I don’t think there’s much point in trying to give Aristotle an overview of modern scientific conclusions.
Assuming we want to accelerate technological progress, I’d rather teach him scientific method, decimal notation, evolution, and maybe what Feynman said (iirc) was the most important conclusion—that matter is made of tiny bits of elements. I don’t know what other specific subjects might be a good idea. Bayes? Calculus?
I don’t know what would be convincing experiments for atoms.
One more I’d want to teach him that you can learn a lot by doing careful measurement and thinking about the results.
I don’t know what Aristotle would come up with, given all that—he was very smart.
From a practical point of view teaching the germ theory of disease would probably have the most immediate benefit.
Using water droplets as rudimentary microscopes.
How big a jump would it be to give them lens-making tech?
You could probably explain geometrical optics without too much trouble.
Assuming you convinced him of the epistemological primacy of experiment, I see two obvious paths:
The kinetic theory of gases, particularly the ideal gas law;
Stoichiometry in chemistry—for example, electrolysis of water.
I would add Brownian motion to that list.