I recommend reading Blueprint: The Evolutionary Origins of a Good Society about the science behind the 8 base human social drives where 7 are positive and the 8th is the outgroup hatred that you mention as fundamental. I have not read much up on the research on outgroup exclusion but I talked to an evolutionary cognitive psychologist who mentioned that this is receiving a lot of scientific scrutiny as a “basic drive” from evolution’s side.
Axelrod’s The Evolution of Cooperation also finds that collaborative strategies work well in evolutionary prisoner’s dilemma game-theoretic simulations, though hard and immediate reciprocity for defection is also needed, which might lead to the outgroup hatred you mention.
I recommend reading Blueprint: The Evolutionary Origins of a Good Society about the science behind the 8 base human social drives where 7 are positive and the 8th is the outgroup hatred that you mention as fundamental. I have not read much up on the research on outgroup exclusion but I talked to an evolutionary cognitive psychologist who mentioned that this is receiving a lot of scientific scrutiny as a “basic drive” from evolution’s side.
Axelrod’s The Evolution of Cooperation also finds that collaborative strategies work well in evolutionary prisoner’s dilemma game-theoretic simulations, though hard and immediate reciprocity for defection is also needed, which might lead to the outgroup hatred you mention.