Dogs are only recently extracted from wolves, which are social animals whose behavior affects their status in the group. They would have experienced similar pressures even before their co-evolution with humans.
Observing guilt in non-social animals would probably falsify the hypothesis though.
Dogs are only recently extracted from wolves, which are social animals whose behavior affects their status in the group. They would have experienced similar pressures even before their co-evolution with humans.
Observing guilt in non-social animals would probably falsify the hypothesis though.