“A implies A” is not a circular argument. Indeed, it is an axiom or theorem of propositional calculus.
“(A implies A) implies A” is a circular argument. Adding it as an axiom would make propositional calculus inconsistent (because applying modus ponens to these two propositions gives a proof of A, for any A).
“A implies A” is not a circular argument. Indeed, it is an axiom or theorem of propositional calculus.
“(A implies A) implies A” is a circular argument. Adding it as an axiom would make propositional calculus inconsistent (because applying modus ponens to these two propositions gives a proof of A, for any A).