In Germany in 1911 the minimum requirement for a professor was a head circumference of 52 centimeters. This was used to discriminate against women; [one] leading medical physicist of the time stated: “We do not have to ask for the head circumference of women of genius — they do not exist.” At the same time… a French scientist of note pointed out that, on average, women had brains which were closer in size to gorillas than they were to those of men! These serve as good examples of trying to use some sort of measure to come to the conclusion that was wanted… in the first place.
I don’t suppose you’ve got a cite for the central claim here? It’s a decent enough example of reasoning from the bottom line whether or not it turns out to be true, but I Googled a couple different sets of keywords, and the only thing that came up besides a whole mess of birth records and obstetricians’ papers was Warwick’s lecture notes.
Google turns up a source for the “women of genius” quote, a book “Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities” by D. Halpern. The book’s quote is from someone named Bayertahl, and it’s an indirect quotation from a 1989 article, “Sexual Dimorphism in the Human Brain: Dispelling the Myths” supposedly by a J. Janowsky. I say supposedly because looking for a fulltext leads me to a version with a similar title (“Sexual Dimorphism of the Human Brain: Myths and Realities”) but is by M. A. Hofman and D. F. Swaab; it contains the Bayertahl quote in the original German and says that the primary source is this 1932 article by a Louis Bolk, “Hersenen en Cultuur” (Brains and Culture). This is also a full text, in Dutch; Google’s translation seems to roughly confirm the claim as reported by Warwick (though the “women of genius” quote does not seem to appear in Bolk’s article, at a first cursory glance).
Kevin Warwick
I don’t suppose you’ve got a cite for the central claim here? It’s a decent enough example of reasoning from the bottom line whether or not it turns out to be true, but I Googled a couple different sets of keywords, and the only thing that came up besides a whole mess of birth records and obstetricians’ papers was Warwick’s lecture notes.
Google turns up a source for the “women of genius” quote, a book “Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities” by D. Halpern. The book’s quote is from someone named Bayertahl, and it’s an indirect quotation from a 1989 article, “Sexual Dimorphism in the Human Brain: Dispelling the Myths” supposedly by a J. Janowsky. I say supposedly because looking for a fulltext leads me to a version with a similar title (“Sexual Dimorphism of the Human Brain: Myths and Realities”) but is by M. A. Hofman and D. F. Swaab; it contains the Bayertahl quote in the original German and says that the primary source is this 1932 article by a Louis Bolk, “Hersenen en Cultuur” (Brains and Culture). This is also a full text, in Dutch; Google’s translation seems to roughly confirm the claim as reported by Warwick (though the “women of genius” quote does not seem to appear in Bolk’s article, at a first cursory glance).
This cites “Bayerthall 1911”.
This paper is my best lead so far, but it’s behind a paywall at the moment. I think it’s in “Bayerthal (1911)”, whatever that turns out to be.
Bayerthal (1911) is unfortunately in German. Now I’m waiting for access to this paper.
Got it. But see here in any case.