I never talked about what nazgulnarsil’s values meant, but my own ;) This was intentional. S/he really might have those values consciously; I only provided a foil to that possibility. So I just ETA’d to clarify that; sometimes I sincerely forget that consistent pronouns aren’t explicit enough to convey intention.
Wait a minute… Do you think status is the main reason people don’t say they only value reproduction? It’s not, say, because they don’t only value reproduction?
Or are you just saying that among the few people who really only have that terminal value, few say so because of the status it signals?
That may be true. But more importantly (since it’s so easy to observe what people say), I bet that even among the people who would say they value only reproduction, most respond to real-life in a way that reflects otherwise.
for natural selection reproduction is a terminal value and mating is an instrumental value. for me mating is the terminal value. to me it seems like males have mating as a terminal value and females have reproduction with a high status male as a terminal value. their signals seem to reflect this pretty accurately.
Why have you split your claim between genders? Are these values are naturally different between genders or that the differences are learned? In a society with large gender differences such as ours (or at least mine) it’s hard to separate the differences in values due to gender (if there even are any) from the learned behaviour of members of the different sexes.
Their are straightforward evolutionary reasons for different mating strategies between males and females. It would be very surprising if there were not natural differences given the different selection pressures at work.
Yes, those particular differences are what you would expect to see given the different selection pressures that operate on male and female humans. As my previous link explains:
In many non-monogamous species, the benefit to a male’s reproductive fitness of mating with multiple females is large, whereas the benefit to a female’s reproductive fitness of mating with multiple males is small or non-existent. In these species, there is a selection pressure for whatever traits enable a male to have more matings. The male may therefore come to have different traits from the female.
and later:
Some biologists theorise that a species’ degree of sexual dimorphism is inversely related to the degree of paternal investment in parenting. Species with the highest sexual dimorphism, such as the pheasant, tend to be those species in which the care and raising of offspring is done only by the mother, with no involvement of the father (low degree of paternal investment).
...
According to Daly and Wilson, “The sexes differ more in human beings than in monogamous mammals, but much less than in extremely polygamous mammals.”
The differing parental investment between males and females together with the differing ease of confirming parentage both tend to encourage a mating preference in males for quantity and a mating preference in females for quality.
The precise degree to which this holds in humans is obviously an empirical question. The evidence I have seen leads me to place a high probability on it being more true for humans than is commonly acknowledged. If you want references I can provide some. So to answer your questions: yes, there are strong reasons to expect a difference between genders in this regard and yes, there are strong reasons to expect the particular differences nazgulnarsil suggested.
The differing parental investment between males and females together with the differing ease of confirming parentage both tend to encourage a mating preference in males for quantity and a mating preference in females for quality.
There are several reasons why females might find a preference for quantity beneficial. By mating with multiple males, a female can create confusion about the paternity of her offspring, encouraging several males to help feed her and her children. By having children with many males, instead of just one, a female gives her children greater genetic diversity and increases the likelihood of beneficial genetic traits. Also, there is some evidence that sperm may actually compete for egg fertilization, so by mating with multiple males, a female can create a situation where the “best” male is the parent of her child.
Allow me to head off a possible confusion: are you asking for unambiguous evidence to go with the theoretical prediction? That would be what I would be seeking had I made your comment.
“for me mating is the terminal value.” You mean that you act close to as if it was?
I think that you get pleasure from many other things too, and even if you would loose the interest in mating, you would go on getting pleasure from many of those other things.
I rationally think that I value the happiness of myself and others as a terminal value. I also get pleasure of it. To some extent this increases my mating chances but some of it decreases. The same seems to be true to people similar to you, although to a smaller extent: you are in between these two positions.
What is a” value”? Is it what I think as my value and try to achieve, or is it the thing towards which my genes (and memes?) are optimized?
I think that it is closed to the former, but in my case neither of them is exactly mating, although I am a male.
I’d say that basic English pragmatics lead us to interpret it as “the terminal value relevant to this situation” rather than “the only terminal value I have”. The relevant question would thus be not, “don’t you enjoy other things unrelated to mating?” but rather, “If you stopped deriving pleasure/interpersonal connection/etc from mating, would you still be interested in doing it?”
I’m not quite sure that’s what the parent meant. I understood it literally and it does make sense as well.
I never talked about what nazgulnarsil’s values meant, but my own ;) This was intentional. S/he really might have those values consciously; I only provided a foil to that possibility. So I just ETA’d to clarify that; sometimes I sincerely forget that consistent pronouns aren’t explicit enough to convey intention.
I was being fairly literal. no one says as much because it is a very low status thing to say.
natural selection wasn’t smart enough to keep me from getting a vasectomy. happiness: 1, genetic utility: -infinity
Wait a minute… Do you think status is the main reason people don’t say they only value reproduction? It’s not, say, because they don’t only value reproduction?
Or are you just saying that among the few people who really only have that terminal value, few say so because of the status it signals?
That may be true. But more importantly (since it’s so easy to observe what people say), I bet that even among the people who would say they value only reproduction, most respond to real-life in a way that reflects otherwise.
for natural selection reproduction is a terminal value and mating is an instrumental value. for me mating is the terminal value. to me it seems like males have mating as a terminal value and females have reproduction with a high status male as a terminal value. their signals seem to reflect this pretty accurately.
Why have you split your claim between genders? Are these values are naturally different between genders or that the differences are learned? In a society with large gender differences such as ours (or at least mine) it’s hard to separate the differences in values due to gender (if there even are any) from the learned behaviour of members of the different sexes.
Their are straightforward evolutionary reasons for different mating strategies between males and females. It would be very surprising if there were not natural differences given the different selection pressures at work.
Fair enough. But those particular differences?
Yes, those particular differences are what you would expect to see given the different selection pressures that operate on male and female humans. As my previous link explains:
and later:
...
The differing parental investment between males and females together with the differing ease of confirming parentage both tend to encourage a mating preference in males for quantity and a mating preference in females for quality.
The precise degree to which this holds in humans is obviously an empirical question. The evidence I have seen leads me to place a high probability on it being more true for humans than is commonly acknowledged. If you want references I can provide some. So to answer your questions: yes, there are strong reasons to expect a difference between genders in this regard and yes, there are strong reasons to expect the particular differences nazgulnarsil suggested.
There are several reasons why females might find a preference for quantity beneficial. By mating with multiple males, a female can create confusion about the paternity of her offspring, encouraging several males to help feed her and her children. By having children with many males, instead of just one, a female gives her children greater genetic diversity and increases the likelihood of beneficial genetic traits. Also, there is some evidence that sperm may actually compete for egg fertilization, so by mating with multiple males, a female can create a situation where the “best” male is the parent of her child.
Thanks for clearing that up for me. Upvoted.
Allow me to head off a possible confusion: are you asking for unambiguous evidence to go with the theoretical prediction? That would be what I would be seeking had I made your comment.
“for me mating is the terminal value.” You mean that you act close to as if it was?
I think that you get pleasure from many other things too, and even if you would loose the interest in mating, you would go on getting pleasure from many of those other things.
I rationally think that I value the happiness of myself and others as a terminal value. I also get pleasure of it. To some extent this increases my mating chances but some of it decreases. The same seems to be true to people similar to you, although to a smaller extent: you are in between these two positions.
What is a” value”? Is it what I think as my value and try to achieve, or is it the thing towards which my genes (and memes?) are optimized? I think that it is closed to the former, but in my case neither of them is exactly mating, although I am a male.
I’d say that basic English pragmatics lead us to interpret it as “the terminal value relevant to this situation” rather than “the only terminal value I have”. The relevant question would thus be not, “don’t you enjoy other things unrelated to mating?” but rather, “If you stopped deriving pleasure/interpersonal connection/etc from mating, would you still be interested in doing it?”
Define mating so that “you stopped deriving pleasure/interpersonal connection/etc from mating” is a possible future state of the world. :-)