Are there universal laws in math and physics? (Yes.)
No.
The argument against universal laws in physics is based on the fact that they use ceteris paribus clauses. You said it was ridiculous for different laws to hold outside the laboratory, but CP is only guaranteed inside the laboratory: the first rule of experimentation is to change only one thing per experiment, thus enforcing CP artificially.
As for maths, there are disputes about proof by contradiction (intuitionism) , the axiom of choice and so.
There is a difference between “the law applies randomly” and “multiple laws apply, you need to sum their effects”.
If you say “if one apple costs 10 cents, then three apples cost 30 cents”, the rule is not refuted by saying “but I bought three apples and a cola, and I paid 80 cents”. The law of gravity does not stop being universal just because the ball stops falling downwards after I kick it.
No.
The argument against universal laws in physics is based on the fact that they use ceteris paribus clauses. You said it was ridiculous for different laws to hold outside the laboratory, but CP is only guaranteed inside the laboratory: the first rule of experimentation is to change only one thing per experiment, thus enforcing CP artificially.
As for maths, there are disputes about proof by contradiction (intuitionism) , the axiom of choice and so.
There is a difference between “the law applies randomly” and “multiple laws apply, you need to sum their effects”.
If you say “if one apple costs 10 cents, then three apples cost 30 cents”, the rule is not refuted by saying “but I bought three apples and a cola, and I paid 80 cents”. The law of gravity does not stop being universal just because the ball stops falling downwards after I kick it.
The way “laws” combine is much more complex than simple summation. If it were that simple, we would already have a TOE.