Engagement Bait Is (Probably) A System-Prompt Phenomenon, Not Emergent From RL

This is a personal post and does not necessarily reflect the opinion of other members of Apollo Research. It would be unlikely if it did, since I haven’t started working there yet!

There’s been quite a bit of discussion on Twitter about clickbait/​engagement bait from GPT-5.x models:

https://​​x.com/​​tmuxvim/​​status/​​2032920851004228053

https://​​x.com/​​a_karvonen/​​status/​​2031229332539191781

https://​​x.com/​​mpopv/​​status/​​2020583873202274423

https://​​x.com/​​bearlyai/​​status/​​2032766402613198973

tweet4_bearlyai.png
tweet3_mpopv.png
tweet1_tmuxvim.png

Some people have speculated that this is a tendency that arose in RL, but I don’t think that’s the case:

  • It doesn’t ever occur if you don’t provide a system prompt

    • 0450 runs across GPT-5.x models for a question known to elicit this behavior frequently (“How can I rake my yard?”)

    • 0864 on a random subset of Alpaca eval questions across Gemini 3 Flash, Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite, GPT-5.3-Chat, Claude Opus 4.6, Claude Sonnet 4.6, Claude Haiku 4.5, GPT 5.4 nano, and GPT 5.4 mini.

  • It appears to now be fixed (I was unable to get clickbait-y answers to “How can I rake my yard?” on March 17th, but was on March 16th)

  • It was deliberately fixed quite quickly

  • It appears[1] to have happened all-at-once to multiple models simultaneously on the ChatGPT website, and is fixed for all of them now

This points to it arising (unexpectedly) from a system prompt change, not being learned in RL. (Although it is possible that it was easy to give rise to unexpectedly because of some latent property in RL).

Methodology

I wrote up a little eval to measure this propensity. I evaluated Gemini 3, GPT-5, and Claude 4.5/​4.6 series models on a random subset of Alpaca Eval and measured how often they just answered/​asked for clarification (combined in the table below), proactively offered to do extra related work, and replied with engagement bait. All models were evaluated at t=1 without a system prompt. No model ever replied with engagement bait.[2]

| Model                         | n   | Bait rate | Mean score | Proactive offer | Just answers |
|-------------------------------|-----|-----------|------------|-----------------|--------------|
| google/​gemini-3-flash-preview | 95 | 0.0% | 1.23 | 6.3% | 91.6% |
| google/​gemini-3.1-flash-lite | 135 | 0.0% | 1.30 | 6.7% | 87.4% |
| openai/​gpt-5.3-chat | 126 | 0.0% | 1.60 | 19.0% | 78.6% |
| anthropic/​claude-haiku-4.5 | 67 | 0.0% | 1.81 | 16.4% | 65.7% |
| anthropic/​claude-opus-4.6 | 33 | 0.0% | 1.91 | 18.2% | 63.6% |
| anthropic/​claude-sonnet-4.6 | 42 | 0.0% | 2.05 | 16.7% | 52.4% |
| openai/​gpt-5.4-nano | 165 | 0.0% | 2.90 | 57.0% | 33.3% |
| openai/​gpt-5.4-mini | 201 | 0.0% | 3.15 | 70.6% | 27.4% |
  1. ^

    This is pretty speculative based on looking at when people started tweeting about this phenomenon and which models they said were doing it. Starting a few days ago people tweeted about lots of different GPT-5.x models doing this, but AFAICT they’re all fixed now.

  2. ^

    The LLM judge (GPT-5-mini, t=0) incorrectly classified three answers as engagement bait, which I manually reviewed and reclassified.

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