A paper without any citations is generally considered such a bad source that it’s only one step up from wikipedia. You can cite it, if you must, but you better not base your research on it. So in practice I don’t think it’s a big deal that mistakes aren’t corrected and that academics typically aren’t expected to publicly admit that they were wrong. It’s just not necessary
Suppose the paper supposedly proves something that lots of people wish was true. Surely it is likely to get an immense number of citations.
For example,the paper supposedly proves that America always had strict gun control, or that the world is doomed unless government transfers trillions of dollars from group A to group B, by restricting the usage of evil substance X, where group A tends to have rather few academics, and group B tends to have rather a lot of academics.
Digressing, this is PC history.
Science first came to be as Roger Bacon writing up the scientific method. His approach was to not trust anyone, but to trust Aristotle more than most. Unsurprisingly, he was put in solitary confinement on bread and water. The Church then issued a list of forbidden thoughts, with Aristotle prominently on the list. That science started with a revolt against Aristotle is a whitewash of the conflict between the theocratic state and Science. Science, science in the sense of the scientific method, not science in the sense of a state anointed priesthood ceremonially wearing labcoats as white robes, is inherently revolutionary, a defiance of authority, but it was not the authority of Aristotle that they were revolting against. Rather, all beliefs were subject to empirical scrutiny, including the beliefs of the authorities of Roger Bacon’s day, which was revolt against present authority, not Aristotle.
We do not know what the charges were against Roger Bacon (most likely the nominal charges were irrelevant, and the real charge was having a bad attitude), but it was more likely he was imprisoned for respecting Aristotle, than disrespecting him.