When you described your possible experiment, you raised the probability that your theory is provable/disprovable, hence you raised the probability of it being rational.
Your desciption didn’t raise the probability of your theory being correct, it raised the probability of it being a theory!
To me the biggest problem with Judaism, Christianity, and Islam is that they do not seem to provide one clear answer as to why God created the universe in the first place. Given this, I have no way of changing probabilities when the world seems cruel or contradicting, since they do not claim the world as perfect. This of course doesn’t depend on what my prior is.
For evolution, I find a weakness (I am not an expert on the subject) that related to being able to explain all outcomes equally. If an animal feature seems in perfection with survival, this is due to evolution, if a feature isn’t, this is a proof of no God, hence evolution. Shouldn’t an imperfect human featuring a blind spot eventually get extinct? Not necessarily. What if it was extinct? Then it’s evolution.
I find explaining by evolution is not disprovable, at least of the (seemingly infinite) millions and millions of years.