As an aside, Problem 4 (which looks the same as Problem 2 to me) is not unique to AI research. There are several proposed XML languages for lesser applictions than AI, that do nothing more than give names to every human concept in some domain, put pointy brackets around them, and organise them into a DTD, without a word about what a machine is supposed to actually do with them other than by reference to the human meanings. I’m thinking of HumanML and VHML here, but there are others.
As an aside, Problem 4 (which looks the same as Problem 2 to me) is not unique to AI research. There are several proposed XML languages for lesser applictions than AI, that do nothing more than give names to every human concept in some domain, put pointy brackets around them, and organise them into a DTD, without a word about what a machine is supposed to actually do with them other than by reference to the human meanings. I’m thinking of HumanML and VHML here, but there are others.