The observation can provide all sorts of information about the universe, including whether exploration occurs. The exact set of possible observations depends on the decision problem.
E and O can have any relationship, but the most interesting case is when one can infer E from O with certainty.
The observation can provide all sorts of information about the universe, including whether exploration occurs. The exact set of possible observations depends on the decision problem.
E and O can have any relationship, but the most interesting case is when one can infer E from O with certainty.