Wow! I looked this up and it turns out it’s described in a
book I read a long time ago,
The Man Who Loved Only Numbers
(do a “Search Inside This Book” for “Monty Hall”). Edit: In this book, the phrase “Book proof”
refers to a maximally elegant proof, seen as being in “God’s Book of Proofs”.
I encountered the problem for the first time in a collection
of vos Savant’s Parade pieces. It was unintuitive of
course, but most striking for me was the utter
unconvincibility of some of the people who wrote to her.
Yes, my fallback if my intuition on a probability problem seems to fail me is always to code a quick simulation—so far, it’s always taken on about a minute to code and run. That anyone bothered to write her a letter, even way back in the 70′s, is mind-boggling.
I suppose the thing about the Monty-Hall problem which makes it ‘difficult’ is that there is another agent with more information than you, who gives you a systematically ‘biased’ account of their information. (There’s an element of ‘deceitfulness’ in other words.)
An analogy: Suppose you had a coin which you knew was either 2⁄3 biased towards heads or 2⁄3 biased towards tails, and the bias is actually towards heads. Say there have been 100 coin tosses, and you don’t know any of the outcomes but someone else (“Monty”) knows them all. Then they can feed you ‘biased information’ by choosing a sample of the coin tosses in which most outcomes were tails. The analogous confusion would be to ignore this possibility and assume that Monty is ‘honestly’ telling you everything he knows.
Wow! I looked this up and it turns out it’s described in a book I read a long time ago, The Man Who Loved Only Numbers (do a “Search Inside This Book” for “Monty Hall”). Edit: In this book, the phrase “Book proof” refers to a maximally elegant proof, seen as being in “God’s Book of Proofs”.
I encountered the problem for the first time in a collection of vos Savant’s Parade pieces. It was unintuitive of course, but most striking for me was the utter unconvincibility of some of the people who wrote to her.
Yes, my fallback if my intuition on a probability problem seems to fail me is always to code a quick simulation—so far, it’s always taken on about a minute to code and run. That anyone bothered to write her a letter, even way back in the 70′s, is mind-boggling.
Yeah it’s remarkable isn’t it?
I suppose the thing about the Monty-Hall problem which makes it ‘difficult’ is that there is another agent with more information than you, who gives you a systematically ‘biased’ account of their information. (There’s an element of ‘deceitfulness’ in other words.)
An analogy: Suppose you had a coin which you knew was either 2⁄3 biased towards heads or 2⁄3 biased towards tails, and the bias is actually towards heads. Say there have been 100 coin tosses, and you don’t know any of the outcomes but someone else (“Monty”) knows them all. Then they can feed you ‘biased information’ by choosing a sample of the coin tosses in which most outcomes were tails. The analogous confusion would be to ignore this possibility and assume that Monty is ‘honestly’ telling you everything he knows.